Tkak wo;a iqmqreÿ mßÈ w¨;a'com bx.%Sis mdvu f.kdjd' miq.sh mdvï jf.au fï mdvu;a fydÈka n,d.kak, fo;=ka mdrla yß lshj,d yß wjfndaOfhka hq;=j'
wo wms bf.k .kafka ;j;a ir, English mdvula' ta ;uhs Auxiliary verbs
wms jdlH ,shoa§ fïjd wksjd¾hfhkau ´ks' ta ksid fïjg wms helping verbs" helper verbs lsh,;a lshkjd' wms m%:ufhka n,uq Auxiliary verbs lshkafka fudkjo lsh,d' Definition (f;areu) = wka;¾jdlHhl jhdlrkuh f;areula fyda lD;H;aul ^functional& f;areula tl;= lsÍug fhdod .kakd jpk fufia yÿkajhs' jHldrkuh f;areula lsh, uka woyia lf¾ ld,fNaoh" o¾Ykh" m%ldr;dj" iajrh jeks foaj,a lshjkakg f;areï .kakkï wksjd¾hfhkau Auxiliary verbs wjYHuhs lshk tlhs' ks;ru fuh Ndú; lrkafka main verb tl;a tlaluhs'
wms WodyrK álla n,uq'
BE, DO, HAVE lshkafka fmdÿ Auxiliary verbs 3la'
1) I am leaving = leaving lshkafka main verb tl , am lshkafka Auxiliary verb tl.
2) She has arrived = arrived lshkafka main verb tl , has lshkafka Auxiliary verb tl.
3) Do yous fume = smoke lshkafka main verb tl , Do lshkafka Auxiliary verb tl.
2) She has arrived = arrived lshkafka main verb tl , has lshkafka Auxiliary verb tl.
3) Do yous fume = smoke lshkafka main verb tl , Do lshkafka Auxiliary verb tl.
DO / DOES / DID
DO lshk tl wms fmdÿfõ m%Yak yokak;a jdlHl ke; hk w¾:h fok jdlH yokak;a fhdod .kakjd' DO yd DOES lshk foflau w;S; ld, iajrEmh fmkaùug DID fhdod .kakjd' fïjd kï bf.k .kak mq¿jka fjkafka WodyrK j,skau ;uhs¡ uka WodyrK lshkakï' Thd,d f;areï .kak fo;=kajrla lshj,d¡
jhjyrfha mj;akd jdlHh (in statements)
- I produce my homework.
- You produce the laundry.
- We produce the washing up
- They produce yoga.
- He does the work
- She does the cleaning.
m%Yak weiSfï§' (in Questions)
1) Do I know yous ?
2) Do yous alive hither ?
3) Do nosotros accept fourth dimension ?
4) Do they come upwardly from Vietnam ?
5) Does she stimulate the machine ?
6) Does he ready the repast ?
2) Do yous alive hither ?
3) Do nosotros accept fourth dimension ?
4) Do they come upwardly from Vietnam ?
5) Does she stimulate the machine ?
6) Does he ready the repast ?
ke; hk w¾:h fok jdlH j,§ ( inwards Negative shape )
- I produce non (I don’t)
- You produce non (You don’t)
- She does non (She doesn’t)
- They produce non (They don’t)
Be = is, am, are, was, were
Be lshk jpkh Auxiliary verb tlla fukau main verb f,i;a wmsg fhdod .kak mq¿jka' Be lshk tl Passive Voice jdlH ;ekSug;a fhdod .kak mq¿jka '
is lshk jpkh oeka isÿ fjk fohla úia;r lrkak;a wkd.f;a§ wksjd¾fhka isÿ fjk fohla .ek lshkak;a fhdod .kak mq¿jka' are lshk Auxiliary verb tl fhdod .kafka they" we iu.hs. am yd is lshk fofla w;S;h ioyd was fhdod .kakjd. you" we iy they lshk subject j,§ wms were Ndú;d lrkjd'
is lshk jpkh oeka isÿ fjk fohla úia;r lrkak;a wkd.f;a§ wksjd¾fhka isÿ fjk fohla .ek lshkak;a fhdod .kak mq¿jka' are lshk Auxiliary verb tl fhdod .kafka they" we iu.hs. am yd is lshk fofla w;S;h ioyd was fhdod .kakjd. you" we iy they lshk subject j,§ wms were Ndú;d lrkjd'
jhjyrfha mj;akd jdlHh (in statements)
1) You are Sri Lankan / yous were my best friend
1) You are Sri Lankan / yous were my best friend
2) We are waiting / nosotros were waiting
3) They are excited / they were excited
4) He / she is cool / he/ she was cool
3) They are excited / they were excited
4) He / she is cool / he/ she was cool
m%Yak weiSfï§ (in Questions)
1) Am I inwards the correct identify ?
1) Am I inwards the correct identify ?
2) Are yous my novel boss ?
3) Are nosotros close ?
4) Are they the best players inwards the squad ?
5) Is She / He is onetime plenty ?
3) Are nosotros close ?
4) Are they the best players inwards the squad ?
5) Is She / He is onetime plenty ?
ke; hk w¾:h fok jdlH j,§ (in Negative form)
- I am non (I aren’t) / I was non (I wasn’t)
- You are non (You aren’t)
- We are non (We aren’t)
- They are non (They aren’t) / They were non (They weren’t)
- He / She is non (He / She isn’t)
6
Have = Has / Had
- Have Ndú;d lrkafka Present perfect tense j,g.
- Has Ndú;d lrkafka tal jpk tajdg.
- Had Ndú;d lrkafka Past perfect tense j,g
jhjyrfha mj;akd jdlHh (in statements)
- I accept a dog
- You accept a girlfriend
- They had a journey
- He / She has a dog
- Kamal had a problem
ke; hk w¾:h fok jdlH j,§ (in Negative form)
- I accept non (I haven’t)
- We had non (We hadn’t)
- She has not
- He had not
- They accept non
wks;a Auxiliary verbs lsysmhla kï Can Could May Might Must Ought Should Would' fïjg wms Modal Verbs lsh,;a lshkjd' fïjd wms Ndú;d lrkafka wjYHfhka l< hq;a;la" l<yels foahla$ úh yels ^Possibility&" wjYH;djla ^Necessity& fmkaùughs'
1) Jack is belatedly , he mightiness last sleeping. (úh yels)
3) I must vesture a necktie to school. (wjYH;djla)
wo mdvu álla wudrehs jf.a ysf;hs t;a wudre kE' Tkak jdlH ,shk uq,O¾u lshd ÿkak lsh, ys;kak tmd' wms All Tenses miafia bf.k.uq' Thd,g fuu mdvï ud,dfõ§ f;afrkafka ke;s hï .eg¿jla tfyu ;sfhkï my;ska odkak;a mq¨jka'